Definition

1. Verb:
   • To temper: To strengthen and refine through a process of training, discipline, or challenging experience, often applied to character, will, or spirit.
   • To forge: To shape or form something, especially a quality or talent, through a sustained and deliberate process.

Usage Examples

• Verb:
  • Những khó khăn đã hun đúc ý chí của anh ấy. (The hardships tempered his will.)
  • Môi trường này hun đúc những tài năng trẻ. (This environment forges young talents.)
  • Tinh thần yêu nước được hun đúc qua nhiều thế hệ. (Patriotism is forged through many generations.)

Advanced Usage

• The verb is almost exclusively used in a figurative sense to describe the development of intangible human qualities (e.g., spirit, courage, talent, tradition) over time. It carries a connotation of positive, resilient formation through fire or ordeal.

Variants and Related Words

• Rèn luyện (v): to train, to practice. Focuses more on the act of repetitive exercise.
• Tôi luyện (v): to temper, to harden. Very close in meaning to "hun đúc," often implying hardening through severe trials.

Synonyms

• Temper: To strengthen or toughen.
• Forge: To form or create, especially by concentrated effort.
• Mold: To shape or influence.

Related Idioms

• : to forge a tradition.
  • Ngôi trường này đã hun đúc nên truyền thống hiếu học. (This school has forged a tradition of studiousness.)

verb

1. to temper